Gaskets, washers and fittings are stamped from sheet metal by punching, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging and coining.

Machining is used to make high-precision parts such as gears, metal fittings, and threaded parts, and to finish cast and forged parts to meet precise tolerances.

Metal can be drop forged, press forged, roll forged or cold forged to make inserts, connecting rods, crankshafts and other strong components.

Metal fittings, hubs, exhaust outlets, valves and other metal parts can be made with proven casting methods such as sand casting, investment casting, die casting and lost wax casting.